Before we actually start the installation process of the GPU-accelerated Python API of TensorFlow on a Windows platform, we shortly outline what TensorFlow actually is.
What is TensorFlow?
- TensorFlow is an open-source software library for machine learning that was originally invented by Google’s Brain Team but the code was open sourced in November 2015. It comprises a collection of resources for flexibly defining machine learning models, train them with data, and exporting them for further use. In particular, TensorFlow is useful for building and training the different types of neural networks.
- TensorFlow is available on several desktop platforms such as Windows, Linux and macOS as well as on mobile computing platforms.
- TensorFlow can run on multiple CPUs and GPUs (with optional CUDA extensions for general-purpose computing on graphics processing units).
- TensorFlow provides APIs for Python, C++, Haskell, Java, Go, and Rust. Third party packages are available for C#, Julia, R, and Scala.
How to install TensorFlow on Windows?
In this section we sketch how to install the Python API of TensorFlow in Windows using the GPU-acceleration capabilities. We assume that a Nvidia GPU is already installed in the Windows system:
The installation of a GPU is usually straightforward in Windows. We therefore skip this part completely.
TensorFlow’s official installation guideline provides a not that comprehensive description of the installation process. We therefore provide a more elaborated and detailed description, which should be understand as a supplementary to the official guidance.
Microsoft’s Visual C++, Nvidia’s CUDA Development Tools & Nvidia’s cuDNN
well as cuDNN Installation Guide. To this end, I recommend to install the version 8.0 of the CUDA toolkit and version 5.1 of cuDNN as listed below.
- First, we need to get a C++ compiler and an IDE up and running since this is a prerequisite for a working CUDA environment. In this post we are going to install the free Visual Studio 2015 Community edition that comprises a powerful IDE as well as a suitable compiler.According to Table 2 of the official Nvidia CUDA Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows you need to have installed specific compiler versions for specific Visual Studio versions. In our case we need to install the Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 compiler as we are going to install Visual Studio 2015. If the compiler is already installed it should look like the following:
- Second, the CUDA Development Tools version 8.0 should be installed. I recommend to follow the official Nvidia CUDA Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows and to chose the express full installation including the CUDA samples (which is the default setting). Provided that the installation of the Visual Studio incl. the compiler has been successful, the CUDA Toolkit installation procedure is basically just clicking through. If you have installed the wrong version of the Visual Studio and corresponding compiler you will realize it as a message will pop up in the course of the installation process;
- Third, Nvidia’s cuDNN, version 5.1 (for CUDA toolkit version 8.0) needs to be installed. To this end, you need to sign up and log in to Nvidia’s website.The installation process of cuDNN is to extract the downloaded files, to copy those files into the right folder and to make sure that the corresponding path is known to the operating system;
- Fourth, ensure that the system environment variables such as
CUDA_HOME
,CUDA_PATH
andCUDA_PATH_V8_0
are set correctly:Please ensure that the path to the file
cudnn64_5.dll
(for the cuDNN version 5.1) is set as displayed in the selected variable of exhibit “Path System Environment Variables for CUDA and cuDNN“. In addition, make also sure that “.DLL” files are included in thePATHEX
variable. - Finally, I highly recommend to validate your C++/CUDA installation.
Click the Windows start symbol and browse through the programs to find the Nvidia Corporation folder. Open the entry that is called Browse CUDA sample. The standard installation path of the CUDA samples is given in the following exhibit.From there enter the folder
1_Utilities/deviceQuery
and double-click the 2015 VC++ Project file nameddeviceQuery_vs2015.vcxproj
. Since we have already installed Microsoft Visual 2015 in the first step of this post your operating system should be able to open the file. Then build the corresponding exe file and open the filedeviceQuery.exe
in the corresponding Debug folder which is in our caseC:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v8.0\bin\win64\Debug\
. Open a command box and run this exe file. The output should look like the following:BTW, you can use this little program to request detailed information about your GPU. For instance, the exact number of CUDA cores, the memory clock rate and the total amount of global memory are listed.
If you would like to chose another suitable program to check your CUDA system feel free to do so. There is, for instance, a folder
0_Simple\simpleMultiGPU
that you can also build and execute to double-check the CUDA installation.You should also call
nvcc -V
command in a prompt. This command provides you with the installed version of the toolkit:One possibility how to validate the cuDNN installation is described in this stack-overflow post.
Python
After the long preparation phase we can finally install Python on Windows. There are several ways to install Python. I recommend to install the latest version of Anaconda Python framework.
Even though the installation of Anaconda via the installation routine may be straightforward, I suggest to double-check whether the PATH
variable (please see above) is set correctly. You can double-check this by executing python
in a command prompt.
After the installation of Anaconda, we first create a new Python environment to encapsulate the installation from other Python projects. This can be either done via Conda commands (conda create -n tensorflow-gpu python=X.Y.Z
) or via the graphical interface of Anaconda. Second, we need to install the package tensorflow-gpu
.
In order to create a new Python environment using Anaconda Navigator we simply need to click the “Create” button and name the new environment. The respective button is highlighted in the exhibit above. Alternatively, we could also use the command box executing conda install tensorflow-gpu
.
We can activate an environment by clicking the symbol on the right of the environment.
Then we select the tensorflow-gpu package on the right-hand side of the Anaconda Navigator and install it as sketched in the following:
After pressing the “Apply” button the respective packages will be installed. Alternatively, we could also use the command prompt executing conda install tensorflow-gpu
.
Now, your TensorFlow should be up and running. In order to validate this, use the command prompt and enter the following:
import tensorflow as tf # Creates a graph. with tf.device('/gpu:0'): a = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], shape=[2, 3], name='a') b = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], shape=[3, 2], name='b') c = tf.matmul(a, b) # Creates a session with log_device_placement set to True. sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(log_device_placement=True)) # Runs the op. print(sess.run(c))
You should be good to go!